Improved forest fire spread mapping by developing custom fire fuel models in replanted forests in Hyrcanian forests, Iran

Aim of the study: Forest fuel classification and characterization is a critical factor in wildfire management. The main purpose this study was to develop custom models for accurately mapping spread compared standard models. Area conducted at replanted forest dominated by coniferous species, Arabdagh region, Golestan Province, northern Iran. Material methods: Six were developed characterize vegetation types area. Fuel samples collected from 49 randomly selected plots. In each plot, load 1-hr, 10-hr, 100-hr, 1000-hr, live herbs, woody plants, surface area volume ratio, depth estimated using Load (FL) sampling method along three transects. Canopy calculated model. performance versus on behavior simulations FlamMap MTT simulator. Main results: results showed that, despite similarity burned between observed modeled fires, produced an increase simulation accuracy. Compared fire, did not give realistic crown fire. result while moderate rate fire with Kappa coefficient 0.54. Research highlights: demonstrated importance developing simulate maps higher accuracy risk